she was to come there是過去將來時。過去將來時又稱一般過去將來時，它表示的是從過去的某一時間來看將來要發生的動作或存在的狀態，其中一個用法搭配就是was/were going to+動詞原形。過去將來時常用於賓語從句和間接引語中。一般過去將來時的出發點是過去，即從過去某一時刻看以後要發生的動作或狀態。在英語時態中，時指動作發生的時間，態指動作的樣子和狀態。
小編還爲您整理了以下內容，可能對您也有幫助：
she+was+to+come+there.是什麼
she+was+to+come+there.
這個是過去將來時。
be +to 不是將來時。
come there不大用，除非這個there就在兩個說話人的眼前。
come here比較好。
勤學好問 天天進步！
comes是什麼時態?最好來個come的例子. 一般現在時和現在進行時有什麼區別嗎？
comes是單三形式,屬於一般現在時.
如,She comes from America.
一般現在時和現在進行時的區別
一般現在時表示的是一般、重複的動作或者事情
現在進行時表示說話時或說話前後正在發生的動作或事情,如：
Tom plays tennis every Sunday.
Where’s Tom?-------He is playing tennis.
What do you do?你是幹什麼工作的?
What are you doing here?你在這裏幹什麼?
一般現在時是表示經久的情況,而現在進行時表示的是暫時的,如：
My parents live in Shanghai.They have been there for 50 years.
She’s living with some friends until she can find an apartment.
英語的全部時態
英語動詞的時態1．一般現在時一般現在時的形式是以動詞的原形表示的，當主語爲第三人稱單數時，做謂語的動詞原形後要加上詞尾-sor-es,其構成方式列表如下：情況構成例詞一般情況詞尾加-sReads,writes以ch,sh,s,x,o結尾的詞詞尾加-esTeaches,washes,guesses,fixes,goes以輔音字母+Y結尾的詞變Y爲I，再加-esTries,carries但是，動詞tobe和tohave的一般現在時的形式特殊如下：一般動詞的詞形變化Tobe的詞形變化Tohave的詞形變化IitIamastudentIhaveapen.Youit.YouareastudentYouhaveapenHe(she)sit.He(she)isastudent.He(she)hasapen.We(you,they)it.We(you,they)arestudents.We(you,they)havepens.一般現在時的功用1.表示一直髮生的事情，經常發生的動作：Nurseslookafterpatientsinhospitals.Excuseme,doyouspeakEnglish?Igetupato’clockeverymorning.ItoftenrainsinsummerinBeijing..表示客觀事實或者真理：Birdsfly.Theearthgoesaroundthesun..談論時間表、旅程表等，如：Whattimedoesthefilmbegin?Thefootballmatchstarto’clock.TomorrowisThursday..談論籍貫、國籍等，如：Wheredoyoucomefrom?IcomefromCna.你是哪國人？我是中國人。Wheredoyoucomefrom?IcomefromGuangzhou.你是哪裏人？我是廣州人。.詢問或者引用書籍、通知或新近接到的信箋內容，如：Whatdoesthatnotice?WhatdoesAnninherletter?Shesshe’scomingtoBeijingnextweek.Shakespearss,“Neitheraborroweroralenderbe.”莎士比亞說：“既不要向人借，也不要借給別人。”一般過去時一般過去時是表示在說話時間以前發生的動作或者狀態的動詞時態，它是英語時態體系中最重要的時態之一。1)一般過去時規則動詞的構成形式：規則動詞在其原形後面加-ed:towork-worked以字母e結尾的規則動詞，只加-d:tolove---loved對所有人稱均無詞形變化。否定式均由didnot+動詞原形構成Iyouheshetheywedidnotwork.疑問式均由did+主語+動詞原形構成拼寫注意：情況變化例詞動詞爲單音節，以一個元音字母和一個輔音字母結尾輔音字母雙寫，再加-edStop-stoppedAdmit-admitted以y結尾的動詞，在y前爲輔音字母時Y變爲I,加-edCarry-carriedHurry-hurried以y結尾的動詞，在y前爲元音字母時加-edObey-obeyedEnjoy---enjoyed在英語當中有一部分動詞的過去式變化形式是不規則的，這類動詞被稱爲不規則動詞。哦 還有一件事 我目前上的ABC天丅英語中心的教師和我們說過，事實上要學好英語很簡單的。堅持要有一個好的研習空間跟熟練口語對象 老師水平是關鍵 標準口音才行，持續每日口語溝通 1v1家教式輔導纔可以有很.好.的進步幅度。課程結束後同樣要重複溫習課堂錄音檔，來進一步深化知識~若真的是沒有人可以指導 那麼就到旺旺或愛思得到課外教材學習 多說多練短時間語感就提升起來，學習成長會非常突飛猛進的。總數大概不過00多個，但是使用頻率很高。主要分成三類：1》第一類不規則動詞的三種形式同形，如：costcostcostcutcutcuthurthurthurtshutshutshutsetsetset注意，有些動詞的過去式與過去分詞有兩中形式，如：betbetbettedbetbettedwedwedweddedwedweddedwetwetwettedwetwetted》第二類不規則動詞的過去式和過去分詞同形，如：bendbentbentbringbroughtbroughtcatchcaughtcaughtdeddddengetgotgotgotten(AmE)leadledled》第三類不規則動詞的原形、過去式和過去分詞都不相同，如：原形過去式過去分詞beginbeganbegunbreakbrokebrokenforbidforbadeforbiddengrowgrewgrownringrangrungwakewokewakedwokenwaked此外還有少數不規則動詞的過去分詞與原形相同，如：comecamecomebecomebecamebecomerunranrun一般過去時的功用1）表示一個沒指明具體時間的過去的行動，如：Heworkedinthatbankforfouryears.(沒說明起始時間，但是現在不在那裏工作了)。TheyoncesawDengXiaopin.DidyoueverhearBackStreetBoysing?)表示在過去特定的時間結束的行動，如：Whendidyoumeetm?Imetmyesterday.WhenwelivedinPhoenix,westudiedatArizonaStateUniversity.Wherehaveyoubeen?I’vebeentotheopera.Didyouenjoyit?)表示過去的習慣Healwayscarriedanumbrella.Theyneverdrankwine.現在完成時的形式現在完成時由tohave的現在時+過去分詞構成：肯定式否定式疑問式否定疑問式IhaveworkedIhavenotworkedHaveIworked?HaveInotworked?YouhaveworkedYouhavenotworkedHaveyouworked?Haveyounotworked?He(she)hasworked.He(she)hasnotworked.Hashe(she)worked?Hashe(she)notworked?We(youthey)haveworked.We(youthey)havenotworked.Havewe(youthey)worked?Havewe(youthey)notworked?緊縮形式現在完成時的功用現在完成時可以說成是兼有現在與過去意義的一種複合時態。它與現在有密切聯繫，如：------Oh,dear,I’veforgottenhername.和現在的聯繫就是Idon’trememberhernamenow.------ForthasgonetoCanada.和現在的聯繫就是Heisnothere.HeisinCanadanow.1)表示延續到現在的動作（有時是總計做了多少次等）。HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentotheUnitedStates?Shereallylovesthatfilm.Shehasseeniteighttimes.TomhaslivedinNowYorkallslife.)表示開始與過去而在說話時刻結束的行動，如：Ihaven’tseenyouforages.我好久沒見到你了。（說話時刻已經見到了）Tsroomhasn’tbeencleanedformonths.(也許從說話開始時刻就要打掃它了))表示過去的動作對現在造成的影響，如：Thewindowhasbroken.)和最進階連用，表示到現在爲止是最……的Whataboringfilm!It’sthemostboringfilmI’veeverseen.Isitatckbook?------Yes,itisthetckestbookI’veeverread.)和句型Tsisthefirsttime…,It’sthefirsttime連用，如：Tsisthefirsttimehehasdrivenacar.(相當於hehasneverdrivenacarbefore.)Iststhefirsttimeyou’vebeeninhospital?ProfessorJohnsonhaslostspassportagain.It’sthesecondtimehehaslostit.)和ever,never,yet,just,already等副詞連用，如：HaveyouevereatenFrenchcheese?Wehaveneverhadaprivatecar.Hasitstoppedrainingyet?(yet表示期待雨停止)Wouldyoulikesometngtoeat?No,thanks.I’vejusthadlunch.Don’tforgettomailtheletter,willyou?I’vealreadymailedit.(already表示比預料的要快)）與since連用，since表示與某一時刻或從句連用，表示“從那一刻到說話時爲止”，它總是與完成時連用，如：Shehasbeenheresinceo’clock.Hehasn’tbeenmselfsincetheaccident.（那次事故後，他從未完全康復）SinceIwasacldIhavelivedinEngland.一般過去時與現在完成時的比較1）過去時僅僅表示過去，現在完成時還表示與現在的關係，如：Hehaslostskey.Helostskey.)與現在無關的或者過去很久的歷史事件不能用現在完成時TheCneseinventedprinting.ShakespearwroteHamlet.)如果說明動作有特定的過去時間，就不能用現在完成時，如：Didyouseethefilmontelevisionlastnight?Tomlostskeyyesterday.詢問某事發生的具體時間或者地點時（when,whattime,where）,when,whattime,where）,用一般過去時，如：Whattimedidtheyarrive?Whenandwherewereyouborn?比較：HaveyouseeAnntsmoring?(說話時仍爲上午)DidyouseeAnntsmorning?(說話時爲下午)JackhaslivedinLondonforsixyears.還在倫敦住JacklivedinLondonforsixyears.先不住倫敦了Ihaveneverplayedgolfinmylife.Ididn’tplaygolfwhenIwasonholidaylastsummer.現在進行時現在進行時是由助動詞tobe的現在時+現在分詞構成：肯定式否定式疑問式Iamworking.Youareworking.He(she)isworking.We(you,they)areworking.Iamnotworking.Youarenotworking.He(she)isnotworking.We(you,they)arenotworking.AmIworking?Areyouworking?Ishe(she)working?Arewe(you,they)working?現在分詞的構成，是在動詞原形上加-ing,但是應該注意：情況變化例詞動詞以單個e結尾去掉e,加ingLove_lovingArgue_arguing動詞以-ee結尾直接加ingAgree_agreeingSee_seeing動詞爲單音節：以單一元音字母+單一輔音字母結尾輔音字母雙寫，再加ingt_ttingRun_runningStop_stopping動詞爲雙音節或者多音節：最後一個音節爲重讀音節，以單一元音字母+單一輔音字母結尾輔音字母雙寫，再加ingBe’ginbe’ginningAd’mitad’mitting以y結尾的動詞直接加ingCarrycarryingEnjoyenjoying現在進行時的功用1）表示說話時正在發生或者進行的動作Pleasedon’tmakesomuchnoise,I’mstudying.Let’sgetout.Itisn’traininganymore.)表示在現在相對較長一段時間內正在進行的動作，但是說話一刻不一定在做的動作HaveyouheardaboutTom?Heisbuildingsownhouse.DavidisteacngEnglishandlearningCneseinBeijing.這些動作，在說話時並不一定在發生或進行，而是在包括說話的一剎那在內的一段時間內發生、進行的。）表示最近的確定的安排Anniscomingtomorrow.Oh,isshe?Whattimeisshearriving?At10:1.Areyoumeetingheratthestation?Ican’t.I’mworkingtomorrowmorning.以上句子也可以用begoingto(do)的形式來表示。但是談論已確定的安排時候，用現在進行時態顯得更加自然，除非受到動詞的功能的。在此，切不可用will,如：Alexisgettingmarriednextmonth.不能用willgetmarried.)和always連用表示某種情緒，可能是厭煩也可能是讚揚，如：Tomisalwaysgoingawayforweekends.Myhusbandisalwaysdoinghomework.有些動詞是表示一種狀態而不是動作，一般不用於進行時。例如，我們一般不說Iaming,而說I.常見的這類動詞有：wantlikehateseehearbelieveunderstandseemtnk(相信)supposerememberneedloverealizemeanforgetpreferhave（擁有）belongTounderstandistoaccept.理解就是接受DoyoulikeBeijing?Doyouseetherainbow?Iremembermverywell.ItnkIunderstandwhathewants.一般現在時和現在進行時的比較一般現在時表示的是一般、重複的動作或者事情現在進行時表示說話時或說話前後正在發生的動作或事情，如：TomplaystenniseverySunday.Where’sTom?-------Heisplayingtennis.Whatdoyoudo?你是幹什麼工作的？Whatareyoudoinghere?你在這裏幹什麼？一般現在時是表示經久的情況，而現在進行時表示的是暫時的，如：MyparentsliveinShanghai.Theyhavebeentherefor0years.She’slivingwithsomefriendsuntilshecanfindanapartment.過去進行時過去進行時的構成形式爲：IheshewasWetheyyouwere+動詞的現在分詞過去進行時的功用1）表示在過去某個時間後者某段時間正在進行的動作，如：WhenIrangmup,hewashavingdinner.TstimelastyearIwaslivinginShanghai.Whatwereyoudoingat10o’clocklastnight?)過去進行時和一般過去時連用，表示在一個動作發生的過程中，發生了另一個動作，如：ItwasrainingwhenIgotup.IfellasleepwhenIwaswatcngtelevision.)過去一般時所說明的動作是已經完成的，而過去進行時不表示正在進行的動作一定會完成，如：Tomwascookingthedinner.Tomcookedthedinner.現在完成進行時其構成形式如下：IwetheyhaveHesheithasbeen+動詞的現在分詞功用如下：1）表示一個在過去開始而在最近剛剛結束的行動，如：Annisverytired.Shehasbeenworkinghard.Whyareyouclothessodirty?Whathaveyoubeendoing?)表示一個從過去開始但仍在進行的行動，如：Ithasbeenrainingfortwohours.(現在還在下)Jackhasn’tbeenfeelingverywellrecently.)表示一個從過去開始延續到現在，可以包括現在在內的一個階段內，重複發生的行動，如：Shehasbeenplayingtennissinceshewaseight.)現在完成時強調動作行爲的結果、影響，而現在完成進行時只強調動作行爲本身，如：Tom’shandsareverydirty.Hehasbeenrepairingthecar.Thecarisgoingagainnow.Tomhasrepairedit.
想要英語中所有時態的結構！！！
一、 一般現在時：
用動詞原型表示，但單數第三人稱後要加-s，在詞尾加-s時要注意：
1． 一般情況：加-s 例：reads，writes，says
2． 以s，x，ch，sh收尾的詞加-es 例：teaches，washes，guesses
3． 以輔音字母+y結尾的詞變y爲i再加-es 例：try—tries，carry—carries。
這個時態的疑問句一般以句首加助動詞do，does構成。句中動詞要用原型動詞be提前：
do you know it？
are you students？
does she have a pen？
1．一般現在時表示經常性或習慣性的動作：
we always care for each other and help each other。
they cycle to work every day。
2．現在的特徵或狀態：
he loves sports。
do you sing？a little。
i major in english。
3． 遍真理：
light travels faster than sound。
two and four makes six。
the moon moves round the earth。
有些表示狀態和感覺的動詞常常可用於一般現在時：be，love，like，hate，want，hope，need，prefer，wish，know，understand，remember，believe，recognize，guess，suppose，mean，belong，think（以爲），feel，envy，doubt，remain，consist，contain，seem，look（看起來），see，fit，suit，owe，own，hear，find，suggest，propose，allow，show（說明），prove，mind（在意），have（有），sound（聽起來），taste（嚐起來），matter，require，possess，desire等等。
i feel a sharp pain in my chest。
the soup contains too much salt。
you see what i mean？
the coat fits you very well。
how do you find the book？
有些表示動作的動詞間或可用於這一時態，表示現刻的動作，由於動作持續時間機短，用於進行時不自然：
i send you my best wishes。
i salute your courage。
now i extend my heartfelt thanks to you。
在口語中這個時態用來表示一個按規定、計劃或安排發生的情況（這是都有一個表示未來時間的狀語）：
when do the train leave（stop at jinan）？
the plane take off at 11 am。
tomorrow is saturday。
is there a firm on tonight？
但這隻限少數動詞，如begin，come，go，leave，sail，start，arrive，return，dine，end，stop，depart，open，close，be等。另外，在時間或條件從句中，將來動作或狀態多用這一時態表示：
tell her about that when she come。
turn off the light before you leave。
we‘ll start as soon as you are ready。
在口語中，這個時態間或可以用來表示一個已經發生的動作（這個動作發生的時間在說話人腦中處於很不重要的地位）：
they say xiao wu is back。is that true？
xiao yu tells me you‘re going abroad。
oh，i forget where he lives。
yes，you answer quite well。
此外一般現在時還多用於報刊、電影、電視解說等其他幾種情況。
二、 現在進行時
現在進行時用助動詞be的人稱形式加現在分詞構成，它的肯定、否定、疑問形式如下：
i am working。
i am not working。
am i working？
現在進行時主要表示現在或現在這一階段正在進行的動作。
where are they having the basket-ball match？
they are putting up the scaffolding。
he‘s showing a foreign guest round the city。
在不少情況下，表示正在進行的動作的漢語句子，並沒有“正在”這樣的字，在譯爲英語時卻必須用進行時態：
how are you getting on with the work？
the work is going fairly smoothly。
you are making rapid progress。
it is blowing hard。
who are you waiting for？
whenever i see her，she is working in the garden。我每次看到她時，她總是在花園裏幹活。
在一般現在時所列的表示狀態和感覺的動詞，一般不能用於進行時態，因爲他們不能表示正在進行的動作。但如果詞義轉變，能表示一個正在進行的動作，就能夠用於進行時態，試比較下面的句子：
do you see anyone over there？你看到那裏有什麼人嗎？
are you seeing someone off？你在給誰送行嗎？
i hear someone singing。我聽見有人唱歌。
they are hearing an english talk？他們在聽一個英語報告。
what do you think of it？你覺得這怎麼樣？
what are you thinking about？你在想什麼？
另外，表示無法持續動作的動詞，一般不宜用於進行時態，但有些可以用於這個時態表示重複、即將等：
he is jumping up and down。她一上一下地跳着。
the train is arriving。火車就要進站了。
the old man is dying。老頭病危了。
現在進行時有時可用來表示一個在最近按計劃或安安排要進行的動作（這是多有一個表示未來時間的狀語）：
we are leaving on friday。
are you going anywhere tomorrow？
a foreign guest is giving a lecture in english this afternoon。
xiao hong！coming。
who is interpreting for you？
we are having a holiday next monday。
但這僅限於少量動詞，如go，come，leave，start，arrive，lunch，return，dine，work，sleep，stay，play，do，have，wear等。
另外，“be going+不定式”這個結構經常用來表示即將發生的事或打算（準備）做的事：
i am afraid it is going to rain。
it is going to be rather cold tomorrow。
she is not going to speak at the meeting。
在這個結構中過去有許多人不贊成用go和come這兩個動詞，感到很彆扭，主張不說are you going to go anywhere tomorrow？而說are you going anywhere tomorrow？不說is she going to come？而說is she coming？但現在在這種結構中用兩個動詞的人越來越多，這種用法基本上被大家接受了。
此外，在時間和條件狀語從句中，間或也可用現在進行時表示將來的情況或一般情況：
do not mention this when you are talking with him。
remember that when you are taking a rest，some else is always working。
if she is still sleeping，do not wake her up。
現在進行時有時用來代替一般現在時，表示一個經常性動作或狀態，這是或是爲了表示一種感情（a）如讚歎、厭煩等，或是爲了強調情況的暫時性（b）。
a． how are you feeling today？（比how do you feel today？更顯親切）
xiao hua is doing fine work at school。（比xiao hua does fine work at school。更富讚美）
he is always thinking of his work。表讚許
he is constantly leaving his thing about。她老是亂扔東西。（表不滿）
he is always boasting。他老愛說大話。（表厭煩）
b．he is sleeping in the next room now。他現在現在是在隔壁房間睡了（不再原來房間睡了）。
the professor is typing his own letters while his secretary is ill。
where is he working？他現在在那裏工作？（可能剛換工作）
for this week we are starting work at 7：30。
he is walking to work because his bicycle is being repaired。
be間或可用於進行時態，表示一時的表現：
you are not being modest。
he is being silly。
she is being friendly。
xiao hong is being a good girl today。
do not talk rot。i am being serious。
注： 在there和here引起的句子中，常可用一般現在時代替現在進行時：
here comes the bus。（=the bus is coming.）
there goes the bell. (=the bell is ringing.)
在某些情況下兩種情況都可以用，沒有多少差別：
i wonder (am wondering) how i should answer then.
does your leg hurt? (is your leg hurting?)
it itches (is itching) terribly.
my back aches (is aching).
i write (am writing ) to inform you.
未完待續。。。
(發帖時間:2004-01-06 19:51:16)
---3dnow【外語學習成員】
三、 一般將來時
一般將來時由助動詞shall或will加動詞原型構成，shall用於第一人稱，will用於第二、三人稱。這個時態的肯定、否定及疑問機構可表示如下：
i shall go.
i shall not go.
shall i go?
除英國以外的說英語的國家，在陳述句中，即使在第一人稱一般也用will,在英國也有這種趨勢，在口語中常緊縮爲i’ll.
一般將來時表示將要發生的動作和情況：
i will (shall) arrive tomorrow.
will you be busy tonight?
the agreement will come into force next spring.
we won’t (shan’t) be free tonight.
有時表示將來的時間狀語，有時沒有時間狀語，這時要從意思上判斷是否指未來的動作或情況：
i will think it over.
who will take the chair?
will she come?
they won’t object it.
在以i 或 we 作主語的問句中，一般用shall，這時或是徵求對方的意見（a）,或是詢問一個情況（b）:
a. shall i make a fair copy of it?
which book shall i read first?
where shall we meet?
b. shall we have any classes tomorrow?
when shall we have the rehearsal?
shall i be able to find them there?
在這類問句中，近年來也有不少人用will，特別是美國。
what will we do?
how will get there?
which will i take?
注意在時間或條件狀語從句中，一般不能用將來時態，而用現在時態代替：
i’ll let you have the book when i’m through.
they’ll fight till they win complete victory.
i’ll be round to see you if i have time tomorrow.
注：在兩種情況下條件從句可以用一般將來時：
1． 表示願望：
if they won’t cooperate, our plan will fall flat.
2.主句的謂語表時現在的情況：
if he won’t arrive this morning, why should we wait here。
表示將要發生的動作或情況，除了一般將來時外，還有一些其他結構和時態：
1． be going +不定式（表打算、準備作的事或即將發生或肯定要發生的事）：
we ‘re going to put up a building here.
how are you going to spend your holiday?
who is going to speak first?
2. be +不定式（表示按計劃安排要發生的事或用來徵求對方的意見）：
when is the factory to go into proction?
the line is (going) to be opened to traffic next week.
am i to (=shall i ) go on with the work?
3.一般現在時（限於某些動詞，表示按計劃或時刻要發生的事）：
school finishes on january 18th.
we get off at the next stop.
when does the winter vacation begin?
4.現在進行時（限於某些動詞，表示按計劃安排要發生的事）：
we are having an english evening tonight.
they are playing some folk music next.
i am talking the children to the zoo (on sunday ).
在單純表示將來情況，特別是談一連串的事情或在帶時間或條件狀語從句的句子中，謂語多用將來時：
next term i will try to do better. i’ll speak more english and do more reading-aloud.
he’ll come to see you when he has time.
he’ll tell you if you ask him.
在表示打算或準備時，如不提時間、條件等，多用be going to這個結構，用一般將來時時很少的，特別是在口語中：
he is going to buy a dictionary.(很少說he will buy a dictionary.)
在談即將發生的情況時，用be going to 這個結構也多一些。在表示按計劃安排要做得事時，用be to 的時候也不少。另外還有將來進行時等時態也可表示將來的動作。
注：be about to 可表示即將作某事
we are about to leave.
he is about to retire.
一般將來時有時還可用來表示一種傾向或習慣性動作：
a drowning man will catch at a straw.
crops will die without water.
oil will float on water.
注：這一時態有時用來表示揣測（a）或容量（b）:
a. that man in the middle will be the visiting minister.
b. the hall will seat 500people.
四、 一般過去時
一般過去時由動詞的過去式表示，動詞be有was, were兩個過去式，was用於第一、三人稱單數，were用於其他情況。在構成否定及疑問句時，一般都藉助助動詞did, 動詞be有其獨特的疑問及否定形式（基本上和一般現在時一致）。這個時態的三種結構可表示如下：
一般動詞：
i worked there.
i did not work there.
did you work there?
動詞be:
i was there.
i was not there.
was i there?
一般過去時主要表示過去某時發生的動作或情況（包括習慣性動作）
who put forward the suggestion?
when did she leave?
she often came to help us.
有些情況，發生的時間不很清楚，但實際上是過去發生的，應當用過去時態：
i was glad to get your letter.
what was the final score?
how did you like their performance?
*在談到已死去人的情況多用過去時：
lao she was a great writer.
my grandmother was kind to us.
有時兩種時態都可以用：
brahms was/is one of the greatest representative of german classicalism.
注：在口語中一般過去時有時可用來代替一般現在時，使語氣變得婉轉一些，例如在下面句子中用一般現在時或一般過去時都可以，但用過去時顯得客氣一些（帶有更多商量的口吻）：
do/did you want to see me?
i wonder/wondered if you could spare a few minutes.
i want/wanted to ask if i can/could borrow your bike.
未完待續。。讓大家久等了。第一次自己敲鍵盤發帖子。好累呀。：（
---3dnow【外語學習成員】
五、 現在完成時
現在完成時由have的人稱形式加過去分詞構成。他的肯定、否定及疑問形式如下：
i have read it.
i have not read it.
have you read it?
現在完成時表示現刻以前發生的動作或情況，可以是：
1． 到現在爲止的這一時期中發生的情況（可能時多次動作的總和，也可表示狀態和習慣性動作）：
we have opened up 200 mu of land this year.
how many pages have you covered today?
i haven’t seen him for many days.
2. 對現狀有影響的某一已發生的動作：
the delegation has already left.
i have seen the film many times.
the city has taken on a new look.
注： 這個時態有時還可以表示過去曾發生過一次或多次的情況，也可以說是一種經歷：
all our children have had measles.
man’s hairs have grown white in a single might.
he says that he has seen a meteor at some time.
這個時態的基本特點是它和現在有密切的聯繫，或是講迄今爲止這一段時間的情況，或是講一個影響現狀的動作，這樣它不是從時間上就是從後果上和現在聯繫起來。根據這個特點我們可以判斷什麼時候用一般過去時，什麼時候用現在完成時：
1． 當有一個表示過去某時的狀語（包括when）時，不能用現在完成時：
i saw her a minute ago.
just now xiao lin came to see you.
when did you get to know it?
2.當有一個表示到現在爲止這段時間的狀語時，多用現在完成時：
up till now we have planted over 24,000 fruit trees.
we haven’t had any physical training classes this week.
he has learned a good deal since he came here.
3.在用already, yet, just, as yet, ever, never這類副詞作狀語時，常可用現在完成時：
this is the second game. they ’ve already won a game.
have you got the plan ready yet? –no, not yet.
i’ve just received a money order.
4.在單獨談一個過去的動作，不涉及它對現在的影響時，通常用一般過去時，如果談一件已經發生的事，不考慮它是什麼時候發生的，而主要考慮對現在的影響，多用現在完成時：
did you get up very early?
has he got up?
what did you have for lunch?
have you had lunch?
i got the news from xiao yu.
i’ve got no news from him.
注： 有since引起的狀語時，主要謂語通常用完成時態：
we met in 1972,and have been good friends ever since (then).
it has rained a great deal since you left.
we haven’t seen each other again since them (since we parted in 1952). 但在表示時間長度時可用一般現在時。
l 在使用一個表示狀態的動詞（如be, seem等）作謂語時，間或也可用現在時態：
it’s ok since i fixed it.
it seems a long time since i was here.
i’m getting interested in china since you came here. 間或用過去時，特別時在口語中。
i lost ten pounds since i started swimming.
在since引起的狀語從句中，通常用一般過去時。但間或可用現在完成時：
i haven’t seen him since i have been back.
since i have known her, she has been fond of sports.
有時同樣一句漢語，由於使用場合不用，譯成英語時可能需要不同時態：
has xiao yang come?
did xiao yang come?
how many people have gone to the factory?
how many people went to the factory?
we haven’t invited him.
we didn’t invite him.
有時同樣一個動作，也隨着說話的意圖不同而用不同時態表示：
has he gone to town? how did he go there? 後一句談動作本身，與現在無聯繫。
have you had your lunch? where did you have it？ 你吃中午飯了嗎？在那吃的？
has she left? why did she leave so early?
某些動詞的現在完成時刻表示一直持續到現在的狀態：
how have you been (recently)?
the conference has lasted five days.
we’ve known each other since we were children.
特別是動詞be，是常常這樣用的：
he’s been back for three days. （不能用has come back）
she has been a teacher for ten years. (不能說has become)
he has been in college for a year. (不能說has entered)
由於come, become, enter和get up 等動詞都只代表一個短暫的動作，不能代表一個延續的狀態，這是需要用be來表示延續的狀態：
另外有少數動詞（主要是work, study, teach, live等）可用於現在完成時表示一直持續到現在的一個動作：
how long have you worked here？
she has taught english for many years.
we’ve lived here for quite a few years.
但大多數動詞不宜這樣用，而需用現在完成進行時。
注：have been (to)長可用來表示“到過某地”或“剛去做過某事”
have you ever been to xi’an?
xiao liu has just been here.
we’ve been here(there)many times.
l 現在完成時還可用在表示時間或條件的狀語從句中，表示將來某時業已完成的動作：
i’ll go and see the exhibition as soon as i have got the recorder fixed.
we’ll start at five o’clock if it has stopped raining by then
i will gibe my opinion when i have read the book through.
這利用“現在完成時”時表示這動作將在另一動作之前完成。如果兩個動詞同時發生，或幾乎同時發生，（也就是說一個動作緊接着另一個動作），一般就不用這個時態：
i’ll let you know as soon as i hear from her.
she’ll write you when she gets there.
在這樣的情況下（特別是當我們用的是get, arrive, see, hear, leave, return 等代表迅即完成的動作的動詞時），多用一般現在時。有時兩種時態都可以用：
we’ll leave as soon as it stops(has stopped) raining.
i’ll tell him after you leave (have left).
注：have got 形式上時現在完成時，卻和have時同一個意思：
she has got (=has) a slight temperature.
have you got (=do you have) any sisters?
另外，現在有一種傾向，特別是在美國，在隨便談話時，常用一般過去時代替現在完成時：
i saw it already (=i have seen it already).
did you return the records yet （=have you returned the records yet）？
i just come back (=i’ve just come back).
能給我所有英語時態的詳細介紹麼。。。
八種時態 主動語態 被動語態
一般現在時 (經常,反覆,愛好,特點,條件,真理) do; does am;is;are done
一般過去時 (過去發生的事,不強調現在的結果) did; -ed was;were done
一般將來時 (將要發生的事) will do will be done
現在進行時 (現在正在發生的事) am;is;are doing am;is;are being done
過去進行時 (當時正在發生的事) was;were doing was;were being done
現在完成時 (過去發生的事,強調現在的結果) have;has done have;has been done
過去完成時 (過去完成的事；過去以前發生的事) had done had been done
過去將來時 (過去將要發生的事) would do would be done
八種時態：
• He is always ready to help others. 一般現在時
• She often came to help us in those days.一般過去式
• He is doing his homework now. 現在進行時
• At that time she was doing her homework.過去進行時
• I've written an article.現在完成時
• By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 。過去完成時
• It is going to rain.一般將來時
• I asked who was going there. 過去將來時
一般現在時
1.概念：經常、反覆發生的動作或行爲及現在的某種狀況。
2.時間狀語： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本結構：動詞 原形 （如主語爲第三人稱單數，動詞上要改爲第三人稱單數形式）
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時態的謂語動詞若爲行爲動詞，則在其前加don't,如主語爲第三人稱單數，則用doesn't，同時還原行爲動詞。
5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放於句首；用助動詞do提問，如主語爲第三人稱單數，則用does，同時，還原行爲動詞。
6.例句：.
I am a student.——I am not a student.——Is she a student?
He knows the answer of my question.
He doesn’t know the answer of my question.
Does he know the answer of my question?
二、 一般過去時
1.概念：過去某個時間裏發生的動作或狀態；過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行爲。
2.時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本結構：be動詞；I was a student last year.
行爲動詞 的過去式I finished my homework yesterday
4.否定形式：was/were+not; I was not a student last year.
在行爲動詞前加didn't，同時還原行爲動詞。I didn’t finish my homework yesterday
5.一般疑問句：was或were放於句首；Were you a student last year？
用助動詞do的過去式did 提問，同時還原行爲動詞。Didn’t they finish my homework yesterday?
三、 現在進行時
1.概念：表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行爲。
2.時間狀語：now, at this time, days, etc. look . listen
3.基本結構：be+doing He is doing his homework now.
4.否定形式：be+not+doing. He is not doing his homework now.
5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放於句首。Is he doing his homework now.
四、 過去進行時
1.概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行爲或動作。
2.時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
3.基本結構 s+was/were+doing When he knocked at the door, his mother was cooking.
4.否定形式：s+was/were + not + doing. When he knocked at the door, his mother was not cooking.
5.一般疑問句：把was或were放於句首。(第一個字母大寫）Was his mother cooking, when he knocked at the door?
五、現在完成時
1.概念：過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果，或從過去已經開始，持續到現在的動作或狀態。
2.時間狀語：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+時間點，for+時間段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
3.基本結構：have/has + done
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 這個農村在過去的幾年裏變化了很多
4.否定形式：have/has + not +done. The countryside has not changed a lot in the past few years.
5.一般疑問句：have或has。Has the countryside changed a lot in the past few years.
六、 過去完成時
1.概念：以過去某個時間爲標準，在此以前發生的動作或行爲，或在過去某動作之前完成的行爲，即“過去的過去”。
2.時間狀語：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本結構：had + done.
As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books.
4.否定形式：had + not + done. By the end of last month. We had not reviewed four books.
5.一般疑問句：had放於句首。By the end of last month. Had we reviewed four books.
基本結構：主語+had+過去分詞(done)
①肯定句：主語+had+過去分詞+其他
②否定句：主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他
③一般疑問句：Had+主語+過去分詞+其他
④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句
七、一般將來時
1.概念：表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或準備做某事。
2.時間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本結構：主語+am/is/are+going to + do；will/shall + do.
It is going to rain.
They will finish work tomorrow.
4.否定形式：am/is/are not going to do ；will/shall not do。
It is not going to rain.
They will not finish work tomorrow.
5.一般疑問句：be放於句首；will/shall提到句首。
Is it going to rain?
Will they finish work tomorrow?
Yes, they will.
No, they won’t.
八、 過去將來時
1.概念：立足於過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用於賓語從句中。
2.時間狀語：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本結構：was/were+going to + do；would/should + do.
They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong.
4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
They told me that they would not go to work in Guangdong.
5.一般疑問句：was或were放於句首；would/should 提到句首。
He said he was going there.
Was he going there?
英語十六個時態分別是什麼
一、
1、一般現在時，表示通常性、規律性、習慣性、真理性的動作或狀態，或者動作有時間規律發生的事件的一種時間狀態。
【用動詞原形。】
如：He gets up at 6 every day.
2、一般過去時，表示過去某個時間裏發生的動作或狀態；過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行爲。
【用動詞過去時。】
如：But he got up at 7 this morning.
3、一般將來時，表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態，或將來某一段時間內經常的動作或狀態。
【will + 動詞原形 或 be going to +動詞原形】
如：He will get up at 5 tomorrow.
4、過去將來時，表示從過去的某一時間來看將來要發生的動作或呈現的狀態。
【would + 動詞原形 或 was/were going to +動詞原形】
如：He said that he would get up at 5.
5、現在進行時，表示現在進行的動作或存在的狀態。
【 be + ving】
如： He is having breakfast.
6、過去進行時，表示過去在某一時間段或某一段時間內正在發生或進行的動作或狀態。【was/were + ving】
如：When Father came back home, I was doing my homework.
7、將來進行時，表示要在將來某一時間開始，並繼續下去的動作。一般用延續性動詞表示。
【 will be + ving】
如：Don't come at 8. I will be having a meeting then.
8、.過去將來進行時，表示就過去某一時間而言，將來某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作。
【would be + ving】
如：He asked me not to come at 8 because he would be having a meeting then.
9、現在完成時，表示是“過去的動作或狀態持續到現在並且已經完成”。
【have/has + v過去分詞】
如：I have finished my homework.
10、過去完成時，表示過去某一時間或動作以前已經發生或完成了的動作，對過去的某一點造成的某種影響或是結果，用來指在另一個過去行動之前就已經完成了的事件。
【had + v過去分詞】
如：He said that he had finished his homework.
11、將來完成時，表示在將來某一時間以前已經完成或一直持續的動作。
【will have + v過去分詞】
如：We will have finished Book One by the end of this term.
12、過去將來完成時，表示從過去觀點看將來某時某動作已完成。
【would have + v過去分詞】
如：They said that they would have finished Book One by the end of that term.
13、現在完成進行時，表示從過去某一時間開始，一直持續到現在的動作。
【have/has been + ving】
如：I have been reading for 5 hours.
14、過去完成進行時，表示動作從某一時間開始，一直持續到現在，或者剛剛終止，或者可能仍然要繼續下去。
【had been + ving】
如： He said that he had been reading for 5 hours.
15、將來完成進行時，表示某種情況下一直持續到說話人所提及的時間，往往與將來的時間連用。【will have been + ving】
如： I shall have been reading for 5 hours by 8 o'clock in the evening.
16、過去將來完成進行時，表示動作從過去某一時間開始一直延續到對於過去來說的將來某一時間，動作是否繼續下去，由上下文決定。
【would have been + ving英語動詞時態用法】
如： He said that he would have been reading for 5 hours by 8'clock that evening.
二、
擴展資料：
1、區分時態順口溜：
2、“時態一致”用法：
（1）如果從句所敘述的爲真理或不變的事實，則永遠用現在時。
At that time,people did not know that the earth moves.
在那個時候，人們不知道地球是移動的
He told me last week that he is eighteen.
上星期他告訴我，他是十八
（2）賓語從句中的助動詞ought,need,must,dare 時態是不變的。
He thought that I need not tell you the truth.
他認爲我不必告訴你
參考資料來源：百度百科 - 時態
百度百科 - 動詞時態
英語的八大時態
一）一般現在時。（do/does, am/is/are, 情態動詞）
一般現在時表示的是客觀事實或平時反覆做的事情通常有頻率副詞always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，once a week，every day等。
如：The earth goes around the sun.
Japan lies east of China.
He is never late for school.
He often gets up at six every day.
Cats can climb trees.
I hear they have moved into a new house.
He writes to his father once a year.
一般現在時還可以表示、安排好的，或即將發生的事，通常使用瞬間動詞come，start，begin，return，leave等。
如：My plane leaves at 6:00 a.m..
Is there any meeting today?
The game starts at 8:00.
（二）現在進行時。（am/is/are doing）
現在進行時表示現在或最近正在做的事情，後面一般接延續性的動詞，都表示動作沒有進行完。
如：Look! The boy is dancing.
He is watching a football game.
What are you doing now?
They are preparing for the exam recently.
還常與always，usually，constantly，forever，continually等詞連用表示一種語氣，“總是，老是…”，
如：He is always working late.
Why are you always making this kind of mistake?
He is continually getting into trouble with the police.
後面接暫轉動詞時表示正在反覆的動作，或表示將來時（一般只有go, come, leave和have）
如：The monkeys are jumping.
They are hitting the tree.
表將來：We are going swimming this afternoon.
They are leaving here.
They are having an English class tomorrow.
試比較：
He is doing his homework until his parents come to take him home.
He will do his homework until his parents come to take him home.
注：表示知覺、感覺、看法、認識、情感或願望的動詞和大部分暫轉動詞不能用現在進行時，如：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, like, hate, dislike, want, love, hate, want, know, forget, remember, understand, believe, suppose, mean, wish, hope, need, believe, refuse, suppose, have, fit, seem, fear, own等
（三）現在完成時
現在完成時中用瞬間動詞表示說話時已經完成的動作，而且這個動作對現在還有影響，句中的時間副詞主要有already, yet, now, by this time, by now等；用延續動詞表示過去已經開始持續到現在而且還有可能繼續持續下去的動作，句中的時間副詞主要有this week, in the past/last/recent few years, since…, for…。
如：He has already finished his homework.
He hasn’t arrived here yet.
They have been here for ten years.
He has waited here since he came.
與一般過去時比較，看下面一段對話：
A: Have you seen my book? I think I have lost it.
B: Yes, I ______ (see) it on your table just now. But it ______(not be) there any longer. Where and when ______ you ______(lose) it?
A: I think I ______ (lose) it yesterday.
B: ______ you ______ (find) it?
A: ______.(Yes./No.)
現在完成時中的瞬間動詞與延續動詞的相互轉化：
have finished/stopped/ended → have been over
have started/begun → have been on
have joined → have been in/a member of
have turned/become/got → have been
have left → have been away from
have arrived/reached/got to → have been
have died → have been dead
have married/got married to sb. → have been married to sb.
（四）一般將來時。（will/shall do, am/is/are going to do, am/is/are doing, am/is/are about to do）
一般將來時表示將要發生或打算做的事情，
如：He will come back in two days.
When will he give the book back to me?
It’s going to rain.
We are going to hold a sports meeting next week.
They are leaving for New York.
He is about to leave.
（五）一般過去時。（did, was/were, 情態動詞過去式）
一般過去時表示在過去的某個時間發生的具體事情，一般都要有表示過去的時間狀語，
如：He went to school by bike yesterday.
We had a good time last night.
He could count to 1000 when he was three.
He was a teacher before.
注意：在直接引語轉換成間接引語時時間狀語的變化：
如：He said, “I did it yesterday.”
→ He said he did it the day before.
today → that day
yesterday → the/a/one day before
the day before yesterday → 2 days before
last week → the week before
2 weeks ago → 2 week before
tomorrow → the next day/the day after或one/a day later
the day after tomorrow → 2 days after/later
in a week/next week → the next week
in 2 weeks → 2 weeks after/later
（六）過去進行時。（was/were doing）
過去進行時表示在過去的某個具體時間裏正在發生的事情，
如：He was reading newspaper at seven yesterday evening.
The Smiths are watching TV at nine last night.
When he got home, his mother was cooking.
或過去的某段時間裏持續發生的事情，
如：I was studying English in London from 1990 to 1992.
He was washing the dishes from seven o’clock to seven thirty.
（七）過去完成時
表示在過去的一個動作之前就已經完成的動作，即過去之過去。注意與現在完成時不同的是過去完成時必須要有具體的時間狀語。
如：The train had left before she got to the station.
They had learnt 2000 words by the end of last month.
He had been a doctor for 3 years before he came here.
He got back the book that he had left in the classroom.
No sooner had he got to the cinema than the film began.
Hardly had he got to the cinema when the film began.
注意：如果兩個或幾個動作連續發生且銜接緊密時用一連串的一般過去式即可。
如：He locked the door and went away.
Mr.Smith went to the market, bought some flowers and went to see his friends.
He sent a telegraph home before he left Paris.
（八）過去將來時。（would/should, was/were going to do, was/were doing）
過去將來時表示在過去某時就打算做的事情，或相對於過去將要發生的事情。
如：They were going swimming when I met them.
He said he would go to New York.
Yesterday he said it was going to rain, but it didn’t.
（九）複合時態。高中階段所學到的複合時態主要有：
完成進行時，將來完成時和將來進行時。
完成進行時表示到目前爲止一直在做某事。過去完成進行時還可以表示剛剛結束的進行動作。
如：He has been painting the house the whole morning.
They have been promising us to rise our salary these years.
They had been doing their homework for 3 hours before I came.
I asked him what he had just been doing?
He had just been sleeping before I got there.
將來完成時表示，到將來某時即將結束的動作。
如：We will have learnt 3000 English words by the end of next term.
They will have finished it by 12:00 tomorrow.
將來進行時表示將來某時正在進行的動作。
如：We will be sleeping at this time tomorrow.
She will be waiting there at 8 a.m. if you ask her to.
英語時態表
英語時態表英語時態表
時態
名稱
結構
常連用的詞
主要用法
例句
一般現在時
1 由be的is am are表示，之後接名詞，形容詞或介詞。
every…,
sometimes,
always,never,
often, usually等。
一般現在時表示沒有時限的持久存在的習慣性的動作或狀態，或現階段反覆發生的動作或狀態
陳述句：I am an office worker.
He is so lazy. They are at home now.
否定句： I am not Tim.
She is not very beauiful.
They are not in the office.
一般疑問句：Are you an office assistant? Is she beautiful?
2 由實意動詞V構成，引導疑問句和否定句，用do或don’t。第三人稱時用does或doesn’t,有does出現動詞用原形；第三人稱陳述句V後加s或es.
陳述句：I work in Shanghai.
He works at home.
Davy never watches TV at home.
否定句: I don’t like the food in KFC.
Davy doesn’t like the food in KFC either.
一般疑問句:
Do you want a cup of coffee? Does she live near the subway station?
一般過去時。
1由 be的過去式是 was或 were表示。Is\ am---was;are---were.
yesterday,
last week,
an hour ago，
the day before yesterday,
in 1997。
在過去時間裏所發生的動作或存在的狀態。
陳述句：I was a big boss.He was beautiful.
We were in Beijing last year.
否定句: I was not at home at that moment.
We were not at work yesterday.
一般疑問句: Were you a teacher?
Was she in the office last week?
2由V的過去式構成陳述句，疑問句和否定句用藉助於did,有did出現動詞用原形。
陳述句：I worked in Sunmoon.
We studied English there. He lived in HongKong.
否定句: I didn’t work here.
They didn’t see me. She liked English a lot.
一般疑問句: Did you go to America?
Did he work in Sunmoon?
時態
名稱
結構
常連用的詞
主要用法
例句
一般將來時
1 任何人稱+will+動詞原形.
tomorrow,
next year,
the month after next,
in two hours.
即將發生動作或狀態。
陳述句：I will fly to KongKong tomorrow.
He will go with us.
We will arrive in Shanghai next week.
否定句:I will never believe you again.
He will not come tonight.
We will not buy a car next year.
一般疑問句:Will you go there by train?
Will he come tomorrow?
Will they live a five-star hotel?
2 is/am/are+going to+V原形，表示計劃打算做什麼事情。
陳述句：I’m going to go to Kongkong by air.
否定句:We are not going to buy a house here.
一般疑問句:Are they going to change their jobs?
特殊疑問句:How are you going to tell him?
過去將來時
was/were going to +V原形
在過去將會發生的動作。
陳述句：I was going to buy a computer.
They told me that they were not going to go abroad.
否定句:I was not going to buy a computer.
任何人稱+would +V原形
He said he would come in in Shanghai.
I said I would buy you a car one day.
時態
名稱
結構
常連用的詞
主要用法
例句
現在進行時
is/am/are+Ving
now,
at the（this）moment
Look!(放在句首)
Listen! (放在句首)
表示現在( 指說話人說話時) 正在發生的事情。
陳述句：I’m waiting for my boy friend.
He is doing the housework at home now.
We are enjoying ourselves.
否定句:He is not playing toys.
一般疑問句:Are you having dinner at home?
Is Tim cooking in the kitchen?
特殊疑問句:What are you doing now?
Where are they having a meal?
過去進行時
was/were+Ving
at that time
at 10 o’clock last night
at that moment等過去具體的時間
過去一段時間正在發生的動作。
陳述句：I was doing my homework at that time.
We were having a party while he was sleeping.
否定句:He was not sleeping at 11 o’clock last night.
一般疑問句: Were you watching TV at that time?
特殊疑問句: What were you doing at that moment?
時態
名稱
結構
常連用的詞
主要用法
例句
現在完成時
have/has +done（過去分詞）
already；
just(not just now)
yet；ever；never；
for two weeks；
for a year；
for several days；
since 2004
since last week
用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態，其結果的確和現在有聯繫。動作或狀態發生在過去但它的影響現在還存在；也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。簡單的說，就是動作已經發生對現在造成明顯的影響。
陳述句：I have already told Davy. Davy has known this matter.
He has lived here for nearly 10 years.
否定句:I haven’t finished my homework..
Tim hasn’t come yet.
We haven’t heard any news about him
一般疑問句: Has he worked here since he came here?
特殊疑問句: How long have you worked in this company?
特別注意：
1. have/has always been+名詞/形容詞/介詞：總是或一直是什麼樣子。。。
He has always been a good father. I have always been busy.
They have always been in America.
2. have/has gone to:去了。。。
He has gone to Beijing.
They have gone to the cinema.
3. have/has been to:表示去過或到過。。。
I have been to Canada. Have you been to Hongkong?
Where have you been? I have never been here.
過去完成時
had + done（過去分詞）
by the end of last year
by last year
動作發生在過去的過去。
陳述句：He said he had told Davy.
They told us they had finished the work.
He left the office after he had called Davy.
否定句:She hadn’t had dinner before she went out.
一般疑問句:Had she learnt English before she moved here?
特殊疑問句:how many English words had he learnt by the end of last year?
補充：
一、情態動詞can, must, may。may沒有否定形式。
陳述句: I can drive a car. He must tell the truth. We may get there on foot.
否定句：I can’t swim at all. You mustn’t（表示禁止） smoke in the office.
一般疑問句: Can you wait a minute? Must I stay at home? May I use your phone?
特殊疑問句： How can I get there? What must I do now?
由情態動詞的過去式構成，can—could.
She could walk when she was one year old.
I could not speak English one year ago.
二、各種時態用法補充：
1、一般現在時
(1)在由after, until, befor, once, when, even if ,in case, as long as, as soon as, the moment以及if, unless等引導的時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，通常用一般現在時代替將來時。
例：I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.
我一看見他，就把消息告訴他。
(2)某些表示起始的動詞，可用一般現在時表示按規定、計劃或安排要發生的動作，這類動詞有：be, go, come, start, depart, arrive, begin, leave等。
(3)在由why, what, where, whoever, who, that,as等引導的從句中，也常用一般現在時代替將來時。
例：Tomorrow at this time we’ll give $500 to any one who brings him to justice.
2、一般將來時
(1)be going to +v在口語中廣泛使用，表示準備做或即將發生的事情。
例：I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money.
(2)be to +v表示計劃安排將要做的事。
例：There is to be a rail strike on July 18th.
(3)be about to+v表示即將發生的事情。
例：We are about to start.
(4)be e to+v表示預先確定了的、必定要發生的事。
例：His book is e to be published in October.
他的書預定10月份出版。
(5)be on the point/verge of +(v-ing)sth.強調即將發生的某種事態。
例：The country is on the verge of civil war.
這個國家就要打內戰了。
3、現在進行時
(1)表示現階段經常發生的動作，常與always, continually, constantly等連用(多表示讚揚或厭惡等語氣)。
例：John is always coming late. 約翰總是遲到。
(2)表示根據計劃或安排在最近要進行的事情。具有這種語法功能的動詞僅限於過渡性動詞，即表示從一個狀態或位置轉移到另一個狀態或位置上去的動詞。常用的有;go, come, leave, start, arrive,return等。
例：They are leaving for Hongkong next monty.
他們下個月去香港。
(3)有些動詞一般不能使用進行時，這是一類表示“感覺”、“感情”、“存在”、“從屬”等的動詞。如：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, look, appear(表示感覺的動詞)；hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive(表示感情的動詞)；be, exist, remain, stay, obtain(表示存在狀態的動詞)；have, possess, own, contain, belong, consist of , form(表示佔有與從屬的動詞)；understand, know, belive, think, doubt, forget, remember(表示思考、理解的動詞)。但是如果它們詞義改變，有時也可使用進行時態。
例：Jane looks pale.What’s wrong with him?
珍妮看上去臉色蒼白，她怎麼了？(look在此爲聯繫動詞)
例：Jane is looking for his books.
珍妮正在尋找她的書。(look在此爲實義動詞)
4．完成進行時
完成進行時是完成時的強調形式。
5．完成時態
(1)現在完成時與與一般過去時的區別：現在完成時強調過去發生的動作與現在的關係，如所發生的結果、影響等；而一般過去時只表示動作發生在過去表示某一時刻，不表示與現在的關係。
(2)完成時態可用在下列結構中：
This(That,it)is(was )the first(second….)time+定語從句：
This(That,It)is(was) the only (last)+名詞+定語從句；This (This,It)is (was)+形容詞最進階+名詞+定語從句。如果主句的謂語動詞是一般將來時，從句的謂語動詞動詞通常用現在完成時；如果主句謂語動詞是一般過去時，從句的謂語動詞通常用過去完成時。
例1：This is the first time(that )I’ve drunk Californian champagne.
這是我第一次喝加利福尼亞香檳酒。
例2：There was a knock at the door.It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.
有人敲門，這是當天晚上第二次有人打擾我了。
6.動詞expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用過去完成時，表示過去的希望，預期，意圖或願望等沒有實現。
例1：I had meant to leave to on Monday, but have stayed on.
我本來打算星期一離開，但最終還是繼續留下來了。
另外兩種表示“過去想做而未做的事”的表達方式是：
7.was / were+ to have done sth.
例1：We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t.
我們本想昨天來的，但我們來不了。
8.intended (expected, hoped, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired)+ to have done sth.
例：1I mean to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.
我本想告訴你這件事，但我忘掉了。
9.過去完成時常用於以下固定句型：
(1)hardly / scarcely / barely+過去完成時(倒裝形式)+when +過去時
例1：Hardly had I arrived when I had a new problem to cope with.
我一到達就有新問題要處理。
(2) no sooner+過去完成時(倒裝形式)+than +過去時。
例1：No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent.
這話剛說出口，他就意識到他本該保持沉默的。
(3)by(the end of )+過去時間，主句中謂語動詞用過去完成時。
例1：By the end of that year Henry had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps.
到那年年底，亨利已收集了一千多張外國郵票
英語時態表
16個時態中，常用的有12個：一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、過去將來時、現在進行時、過去進行時、將來進行時、現在完成時、過去完成時、將來完成時、現在完成進行時和過去完成進行時。其他時態很少單獨使用.
1、一般現在時
通常以動詞原形表示。主語爲第三人稱單數時，用現單三形式。
動詞be和have(表示“擁有”)各人稱的單數形式爲：
第一人稱單數 第二人稱單數 第三人稱單數
Have Have Have Has
Be Am Are is
一般現在時的否定式、疑問式和簡單回答形式如下：
動詞be 與 have（表示“擁有”）：否定式直接把not放在動詞之後，疑問式直接把動詞放在主語之前，見下表：
否定式 疑問式
Be Have Be Have
I am not (I’m not)… I have not (haven’t)… Am i…? Have i…?
You are not (aren’t)… You have not (haven’t)… Are you…? Have you…?
He is not (isn’t)… He has not (hasn’t)… Is he …? Has he …?
動詞be 的否定疑問式和簡單回答：
否定疑問式 肯定回答 否定回答
Am I not (aren’t i)…? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t
Are you not (aren’t you)…? Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
Is he not (isn’t he)…? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t
動詞be 與 have(表示“擁有”)：否定式直接把not放在動詞之後，疑問式直接把動詞放在主語之前，見下表：
否定式 疑問式
Be Have Be Have
I am not (I’m not)… I have not (haven’t)… Am i…? Have I …?
You are not (aren’t)… You have not (haven’t)… Are you …? Have you…?
He is not (isn’t)… He has not (hasn’t)… Is he …? Has he …?
動詞have(表示“擁有”) 的否定疑問式和簡單回答：
否定疑問式 肯定回答 否定回答
Have I not (haven’t i)…? Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.
Have you not (haven’t you)…? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
Has he not (hasn’t he)…? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
注意：have 作爲行爲動詞則只能按照行爲動詞的規則變化。
行爲動詞（以study爲例）一般現在時的否定式、疑問式和簡單回答（注意要加助動詞do/does）
否定式 疑問式
I do not (don’t) study Do I study
You do not (don’t) study Do you study
He does not (doesn’t) study Does he study
否定疑問句式 簡單回答（肯定/否定）
Do I not (Don’t I) study…? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Do you not (Don’t you) study…? Yes, you do. No, you don’t.
Does he not (Doesn’t he) study…? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
2、現在進行時
由助動詞be ＋ 現在分詞構成。其中be有人稱和數的變化，有三種形式：第一人稱單數用am, 第三人稱單數用is, 其他用are。
現在進行時的否定式是：直接在助動詞be後面加上not；疑問式是：把助動詞be提到主語之前。以study 爲例：
否定式 疑問式
I am not studying Am I studying?
You are not studying, Are you studying?
He is not studying. Is he studying?
5、一般過去時
一般過去時通常由動詞過去式表示。一般過去時的否定式、疑問式和簡單回答形式要用助動詞do 的過去式did, 同時注意實義動詞要用原形。以study 爲例，其否定式、疑問式和簡單回答形式如下：
否定式 疑問式
I did not (didn’t) study…. Did I study…?
You did not (didn’t) study…. Did you study…?
He did not (didn’t) study…. Did he study…?
否定疑問式 簡單回答 （肯定/否定）
Did I not (Didn’t I) study…? Yes, you did. No, you didn’t.
Di you not (Didn’t you) study…? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
Did he not (Didn’t he) study…? Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.
6、過去進行時
由助動詞be 的過去式 ＋ 現在分詞構成。其中be有人稱和數的變化，第一、第三人稱單數用was，其他用were.
1）過去進行時動詞主要表示在過去某一時刻或某一段時間內正在進行或持續進行的動作。過去進行時經常與過去時配合使用。例如：
This time yesterday, we were having an English lesson. 昨天這個時候，我們正在上英語課。
The teacher was giving us a lesson when Tom walked into the room. 老師在給我們上課時，湯姆走進教室。
While we were having supper, all the lights went out. 我們吃飯的時候，燈滅了。
He was reading while she was setting the table. 她擺桌子時，他在讀書。
It was getting dark. The wind was rising. 天漸漸黑下來了。風勢增強了。
2）過去進行時動詞常用always, continually, frequently 等詞連用，表示過去經常發生的行爲。這種用法表明帶有的感彩。例如：
The two brothers were frequently quarreling when they were young. 兩兄弟小時候常吵架。
In Qing Dynasty, China was always making concessions to western powers. 清朝時，中國總是對西方列強妥協。
7、過去完成時
一律用had + 過去分詞構成。
用法：
1）表示發生在過去某一時間或動作之前的事情，即“過去的過去”。用過去完成時，必須有一個過去的時間或動作來作參照，說明在此之前某事已發生。如果兩個動作都是在過去發生的，先發生的用過去完成時，後發生的用一般過去時。例如：
She told me she had been there three times before. 她告訴我她以前到過那裏三次。（“去過”發生在“告訴”之前）
How long had he taught here by the end of last term? 到上學期末爲止，他在這裏教學多長時間啦？ （“教學”發生在上學期末結束之前）
When we arrived, the football match had already begun. 我們到的時候，足球賽已經開始了。
She had visited China twice before she came this year. 她今年來中國之前已訪問過中國兩次了。
2）過去完成時動詞可以表示過去某一時刻之前發生的動作或呈現的狀態，這一動作一直持續到過去這一時刻或將繼續下去。例如：
By the middle of last month, I had lived in Beijing for five years. 到上月中旬，我已在北京住了五年了。
By six o’clock they had worked for eight hours. 到六點爲止，他們已工作八小時了。
When I came to Shanghai, he had been there for a long time. 我到上海時，他在那裏很長時間了。
3）過去完成時動詞常用於間接引語和虛擬語氣，我們以後會詳細講述。
4）此外，過去完成時常用於 no sooner…than… 和 hardly(scarcely) …when… 這兩個句型，前面部分用過去完成時，後面部分用一般過去時。例如：
No sooner had he stolen the purse than he was caught red-handed. = He had no sooner stolen the purse than he was caught red-handed. 他剛偷到錢包就被當場抓獲。
Saddam had hardly realized what was happening when he was captured. = Hardly had Saddam realized what was happening when he was captured. 薩達姆還沒有意識到在發生什麼事情就被抓獲了。
8、過去完成進行時
had been + 動詞的現在分詞。
用法：表示一直持續到過去某個時間的行爲動作，此行爲動作或剛結束、或還沒結束（可以從上下文看出）。這一時態經常與一般過去時一起使用。例如：
When he came in, I had been trying to repair the TV for a couple of hours. 他進來的時候，我一直在努力修理電視機好幾個小時了
The roads were dangerous. It had been raining for two whole days. 道路很危險。雨一直下了兩整天。
They were tired because they had been digging since dawn. 他們累了，因爲從天亮開始他們就一直在挖。
The boy was delighted with the new mountain bike. He had been hoping for one for a long time. 那男孩得到一輛新山地自行車很高興。很長時間來他一直希望有一輛。
9、一般將來時
一般將來時動詞表示將來發生的動作或情況。主要有以下幾種表現形式：
（1）shall/will + 動詞原形
表示單純的將來，不涉及主語的主觀意願。第一人稱I, we用shall 或will，其餘用will. 其否定式、疑問式和簡單回答形式如下：
否定式 疑問式
I shall/will not study…. Shall I study…?
You will not study…. Will you study…?
He will not study…. Will he study…?
否定疑問式 簡單回答（肯定/否定）
Shall I not (shan’t i) study…? Yes, you will. No, you won’t.
Will you not (Won’t you) study…? Yes, I shall/will. No, I shan’t/won’t.
Will he not (Won’t he) study….? Yes, he will. No, he won’t.
例如：
I shall be twenty years old next year. 我明年二十歲。
The sky is black. I think it will rain. 天黑下來了。我想可能會下雨。
You will meet him at the station this afternoon. 你下午會在車站碰到他。
The train will arrive soon. 火車快要到了。
When shall we see you next time? 我們下次什麼時候能看見你呢？
He probably won’t go with us. 他大概不能和我們一起去。
注意：
1）shall, will的縮寫形式爲’ll, 如I’ll, you’ll, he’ll 和she’ll等。
2）will 用於第一人稱時，可以表示將來的意願、決心、允諾、命令等；shall用於第二、三人稱時，可以表示說話人的將來的意願。例如：
I will give you a new pen for your birthday. 我將送你一支新鋼筆作爲生日禮物。（允諾）
I will take the college entrance examination. 我將參加大學入學考試。（決心）
Shall I open the window? 我開啟窗戶好嗎？（徵求允諾）
You shall have the book as soon as I get it. 我一拿到書就給你。（說話人的允諾）
The enemy shall not pass. 決不讓敵人透過。（說話人的保證）
I will do my best to help you. 我願意盡力幫助你。（意願）
Nobody shall be late for the meeting. 任何人開會都不能遲到。（說話人的命令）
（2）be going + 動詞不定式
1）這種結構表示主體現在打算在最近或將來要做某事。這種打算往往是事先考慮好的。例如：
My brother is going to learn English next year. 我哥哥準備明年學英語。
I am going to meet Tom at the station at six. 我六點鐘要到火車站去接湯姆。
She is not going to be there. 她不會到那兒去的。
When are you going to finish your work? 你的工作什麼時候做完？
He is going to stay a week. 他準備呆一星期。
We are going to call a meeting to discuss it. 我們準備開個會來討論一下。
2）這種結構還可以表示說話人根據已有的跡象認爲非常可能即將發生某事。例如：
Look at these black clouds？it is going to rain. 看這些烏雲？要下雨了。
I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪。
I am afraid I am going to have a bad cold. 恐怕我要得重感冒。
10、將來進行時
shall/will be + 現在分詞
用法：將來進行時動詞表示在將來某一段時間內將會發生的動作。
This time next week we shall be working in that factory. 下星期這時候，我們將在那個工廠勞動。
When I get up tomorrow morning, my mother will be getting breakfast for me. 當我明天早晨起牀時，我媽媽將在爲我準備早飯。
I will be seeing him next month. 我下個月將要見他。
Tomorrow we will be going to the village fair. 我們明天去趕集。
We will be taking our holiday at the seaside in July. 七月份我們要去海邊度假。
一般將來時與將來進行時都表示將來，那麼如何區別一般將來時和將來進行時呢？將來進行時不表示個人意願，強調主觀上感覺某事即將發生，並對這一事情有着期待，感彩較濃，強調動作。一般將來時主要是對某一事情即將發生做一個事實性的說明或陳述，強調事實或意願。
11、過去將來時
（1）由should/would + 動詞原形構成。第一人稱用should; 第二、三人稱用would。美國英語所有人稱一律用would. should/would 的簡略形式爲’d, 如I’d, you’d; would not 和should not的簡略形式分別爲wouldn’t 和shouldn’t.
（2）過去將來時表示從過去某時間看將要發生的事情，多用在賓語從句中。還可以表示過去的傾向或過去經常發生的事情。如：
They asked me if I would go to Guangzhou soon. 他們問我是否很快要去廣州。
She told me she would come again next week. 她和我說她下週還來。
I told him to leave immediately, but he wouldn’t. 我告訴他馬上離開，但他不。
He’d play the violin when he was in low spirits. 他情緒低落的時候，就拉小提琴。
When I was in college, I would find a part-time job ring the summer holidays every year to earn my tuition. 我上大學的時候，每年暑假都找份臨時工掙學費。
（3）其他表示過去將來時的結構：
12、將來完成時
shall/will + have + 過去分詞
用法：將來完成時動詞主要表示在將來的某一時刻或將來的某一時刻之前完成的動作，這一動作也可能繼續進行。例如：
By seven o’clock this afternoon we shall have got to Shanghai if the train keeps good line. 如果火車執行正常，我們今天下午七點就到上海了。
Before bedtime Xiao Ming will have completed his work. 到上牀睡覺的時候，小明會做完他的工作（或作業）。
By February next year this foreign expert will have been here on this job for five years. 到明年二月，這個外國專家在這兒做這項工作就滿五年了。
By Sept. 2008 Beijing will have held/hosted the Olympic Games. 到2008年9月，北京將舉行完了奧運會。
英語時態
英語時態分爲16種：一般現在、一般過去、一般將來、過去將來時，以及這四者的一般時、進行時、完成時和完成進行時
1. 一般現在時： She likes cat.
2. 一般過去時： She left yesterday.
3. 一般將來時：She will come here tomorrow.
4. 現在進行時： It's raining outside.
5. 過去進行時： I was thinking about the program just now.
6. 將來進行時：I will be thinking about it by this time next Monday.
7.現在完成時：I have finished these tasks.
8. 過去完成時：I had finished these tasks.
9. 將來完成時： I will have finished these tasks by the end of today.
10. 現在完成進行時：I have been learning English since three years ago.
11. 過去完成進行時： He had been waiting for two weeks． He was still waiting．
12. 將來完成進行時：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.
13. 過去將來時：She was sixty-six. In three years，she would be sixty-nine.
14. 過去將來完成時：I thought you'd have left by this time.
15. 過去將來進行時：They said they would be coming.
16. 過去將來完成進行時：By the end of the month he would have been living here for ten years．
趣知科普吧
